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Allergic diseases are the result of the activation of mast cells and basophils by allergen and allergen-specific IgE driven by the Th2 branch of immunity. Recent data suggest that IgE-independent mechanisms may also play a role involving stimulation of mast cells through MRGPRX2 (Mrgprb2in mice) receptors that, at least in part, also connect with the sonsory nervous system. Besides the role in allergies, type 2 immunity has also been implicated in IgE-driven autoimmune diseases.
The issue coordinated by Ulrich Blank and Toshiaki Kawakami contains 12 contributions (see below) that describe new results on signaling events in mast cells and their control. They also resume new data on the regulation of Th2 immunity by environmental factors, such as the microbiome and the regulation of IgE. They also report on new mechanisic insight relating to the type of immune response and the contribution of protein crystals in the development of allergic asthma. The contribution of Th2 immunity and IgE is also discussed.
Contributions :
Kawakami T, Blank U. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:vi-viii. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.003.*
The high affinity IgE receptor: a signaling update.
Blank U, Huang H, Kawakami T.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:51-58. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.015. *
Intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of IgE B cell responses.
Wade-Vallance AK, Allen CDC.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:221-229. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.005.
The actin cytoskeleton and mast cell function.
Lazki-Hagenbach P, Klein O, Sagi-Eisenberg R.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:27-33. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.002.
Positive and negative roles of lipids in mast cells and allergic responses.
Kitaura J, Murakami M.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:186-195. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.001.
Mechanisms for control of skin immune function by the microbiome.
Nakatsuji T, Cheng JY, Gallo RL.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:324-330. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.09.001.
Microbiota and human allergic diseases: the company we keep.
Vercelli D.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:215-220. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.06.002. Epub 2021 Jun 26.
Tauber M, Wang F, Kim B, Gaudenzio N.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:79-86. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.012.
Revisiting the role of MRGPRX2 on hypersensitivity reactions to neuromuscular blocking drugs.
Ali H.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:65-71. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.011.
Charcot-Leyden crystals and other protein crystals driving type 2 immunity and allergy.
Aegerter H, Smole U, Heyndrickx I, Verstraete K, Savvides SN, Hammad H, Lambrecht BN.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:72-78. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.013.
Immune responses and exacerbations in severe asthma.
Camiolo MJ, Kale SL, Oriss TB, Gauthier M, Ray A.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:34-42. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.004.
Mast cell tryptases in allergic inflammation and immediate hypersensitivity.
Lyons JJ, Yi T.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:94-106. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.04.001.
Autoimmunity, IgE and FcepsilonRI-bearing cells.
Charles N.Curr Opin Immunol. 2021 Oct;72:43-50. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.03.003.*