Summary
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer with a poor prognosis and is the third leading cause of deaths from cancer worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a heterogeneous tumour, both at the morphological and molecular levels. a23> the morphological as well as molecular levels. This development aims to address this heterogeneity by describing this heterogeneity. a34> this heterogeneity by describing the different histological and molecular subtypes of HCC. From a morphological perspective, eight subtypes have been described according to the WHO classification: steatohepatitic, massive macrotrabecular (MTM), clear-cell, chromophobe, squirrhous, fibrolamellar, lymphocyte-rich and neutrophil-rich polynuclear neutrophils. Other HCCs are classified as HCCs without signs of specificity. Some subtypes are associated with a prognosis that differs in particular the MTM which is characterised by a short survival compared to other subtypes. From a genomic perspective, the majority of HCCs exhibit mutations mutations in the promoter of TERT, whereas other mutations are observed at a later stage in carcinogenesis such as the TP53 and CTNNB1 mutations. TP53 HCCs with mutations are associated with a poor prognosis and to the MTM subtype. At the transcriptomic level, two classifications are particularly informative as they are associated with , on the one hand, to the prognosis (proliferative versus non-proliferative classes) and, on the other hand, to the characteristics clinical, morphological and genomic of the tumours (G1–G6 classification). In conclusion, the heterogeneity morphological of the CHC, which is directly linked to molecular heterogeneity, is correlated with prognosis. This demonstrates the importance of identifying the different subtypes of HCC in the histological reports.