MicroRNA are small non-coding RNAs, playing a key role in homeostasis by regulating approximately 60% of the human transcriptome. Over- or under-expression of several distinct microRNAs is linked to the pathogenesis on Chronic Inflammatory Bowel Disease, by impacting several key functions of the digestive system, such as the barrier function, autophagy, and the host–microbiota communication. MicroRNAs are increasingly suggested as potential novel biomarkers in the diagnostic of these diseases, as they could be used to tell apart Crohn Disease from Ulcerative Colitis. Using animal models of colitis, several studies have investigated the role of specific microRNAs in key roles associated to the development and the sustenance of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. These findings may allow for future development of microRNA targeting therapies, in order to restore specific key functions of the gut homeostasis. The investigation of microRNA’s potential in assessing dysbiosis and their role as a potential tool for modulating the gut microbiome is still largely unexplored, with nonetheless some ongoing research, including our own, exploring these aspects. Here, we aim at providing an overview of the current known implications of microRNAs in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, as well as their potential use in theragnostic and their promises in personalized medicine.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001407924001845?dgcid=author